tslearn.metrics.dtw_path

tslearn.metrics.dtw_path(s1, s2, global_constraint=None, sakoe_chiba_radius=None, itakura_max_slope=None, be=None)

Compute Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) similarity measure between (possibly multidimensional) time series and return both the path and the similarity.

DTW is computed as the Euclidean distance between aligned time series, i.e., if \(\pi\) is the alignment path:

\[DTW(X, Y) = \sqrt{\sum_{(i, j) \in \pi} (X_{i} - Y_{j})^2}\]

It is not required that both time series share the same size, but they must be the same dimension. DTW was originally presented in [1] and is discussed in more details in our dedicated user-guide page.

Parameters:

s1array-like, shape=(sz1, d) or (sz1,)

A time series. If shape is (sz1,), the time series is assumed to be univariate.

s2array-like, shape=(sz2, d) or (sz2,)

Another time series. If shape is (sz2,), the time series is assumed to be univariate.

global_constraint{“itakura”, “sakoe_chiba”} or None (default: None)

Global constraint to restrict admissible paths for DTW.

sakoe_chiba_radiusint or None (default: None)

Radius to be used for Sakoe-Chiba band global constraint. If None and global_constraint is set to “sakoe_chiba”, a radius of 1 is used. If both sakoe_chiba_radius and itakura_max_slope are set, global_constraint is used to infer which constraint to use among the two. In this case, if global_constraint corresponds to no global constraint, a RuntimeWarning is raised and no global constraint is used.

itakura_max_slopefloat or None (default: None)

Maximum slope for the Itakura parallelogram constraint. If None and global_constraint is set to “itakura”, a maximum slope of 2. is used. If both sakoe_chiba_radius and itakura_max_slope are set, global_constraint is used to infer which constraint to use among the two. In this case, if global_constraint corresponds to no global constraint, a RuntimeWarning is raised and no global constraint is used.

beBackend object or string or None

Backend. If be is an instance of the class NumPyBackend or the string “numpy”, the NumPy backend is used. If be is an instance of the class PyTorchBackend or the string “pytorch”, the PyTorch backend is used. If be is None, the backend is determined by the input arrays. See our dedicated user-guide page for more information.

Returns:

list of integer pairs

Matching path represented as a list of index pairs. In each pair, the first index corresponds to s1 and the second one corresponds to s2.

float

Similarity score

See also

dtw

Get only the similarity score for DTW

cdist_dtw

Cross similarity matrix between time series datasets

dtw_path_from_metric

Compute a DTW using a user-defined distance metric

References

[1]

H. Sakoe, S. Chiba, “Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 26(1), pp. 43–49, 1978.

Examples

>>> path, dist = dtw_path([1, 2, 3], [1., 2., 2., 3.])
>>> path
[(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)]
>>> dist
0.0
>>> dtw_path([1, 2, 3], [1., 2., 2., 3., 4.])[1]
1.0

Examples using tslearn.metrics.dtw_path

Longest Common Subsequence

Longest Common Subsequence

Canonical Time Warping

Canonical Time Warping

Dynamic Time Warping

Dynamic Time Warping